Search results for "Biological effect"

A risk assessment of the effects of mercury on Baltic Sea, Greater North Sea and North Atlantic wildlife, fish and bivalves

2021

Abstract: A wide range of species, including marine mammals, seabirds, birds of prey, fish and bivalves, were investigated for potential population health risks resulting from contemporary (post 2000) mercury (Hg) exposure, using novel risk thresholds based on literature and de novo contamination data. The main geographic focus is on the Baltic Sea, while data from the same species in adjacent waters, such as the Greater North Sea and North Atlantic, were included for comparative purposes. For marine mammals, 23% of the groups, each composing individuals of a specific sex and maturity from the same species in a specific study region, showed Hg-concentrations within the High Risk Category (H…

Differential Superiority of Heavy Charged-Particle Irradiation to X-Rays: Studies on Biological Effectiveness and Side Effect Mechanisms in Multicell…

2016

This review is focused on the radiobiology of carbon ions compared to X-rays using multicellular models of tumors and normal mucosa. The first part summarizes basic radiobiological effects, as observed in cancer cells. The second, more clinically oriented part of the review, deals with radiation-induced cell migration and mucositis. Multicellular spheroids from V79 hamster cells were irradiated with X-rays or carbon ions under ambient or restricted oxygen supply conditions. Reliable oxygen enhancement ratios could be derived to be 2.9, 2.8, and 1.4 for irradiation with photons, (12)C(+6) in the plateau region, and (12)C(+6) in the Bragg peak, respectively. Similarly, a relative biological e…

Strength of memory encoding affects physiological responses in the Guilty Actions Test

2009

The Guilty Actions Test (GAT) is a valid and scientifically sound technique of forensic psychophysiology that allows for the detection of concealed memories. However, its application has been challenged because the results might be affected by the culprit's forgetting of crime details as well as the leakage of information to innocents. In the current study, these aspects were examined by varying the amount of time between a mock crime and the subsequent GAT, as well as by contrasting culprits with informed innocents. It turned out that culprits specifically forgot peripheral crime details during a period of 2 weeks whereas informed innocents showed similar forgetting for all details. As a c…

Insulin-like growth factor 1 and pressure load in hypertensive patients

1996

To verify the effect of a pressure load on the production of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in essential hypertensives, we studied 15 patients and 8 normotensive controls before and during orthostatism. Upright standing was characterized both in normals and in hypertensives by significant higher rate-pressure product [RPP = systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) x heart rate (beats/min)]. Proportional increases of RPP were significantly related to IGF1 values at the end of orthostatism and to proportional increases of IGF1 in hypertensive group but not in normotensive one. Our results confirm that IGF1 plasma levels in hypertensive patients are related to pressure load.

Response and Recovery of Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the European Eel,Anguilla anguilla,Exposed to Fenitrothion

1998

European eel (Anguilla anguilla) were exposed to sublethal fenitrothion concentrations in a continuous flow-through system for 4 days. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was evaluated after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, and 96 h pesticide exposure. Results indicated that AChE activity in eel brains decreased as the concentration of fenitrothion increased. The pesticide induced significant inhibitory effects on the AChE activity ofA. anguilla,ranging from >40% inhibition at a sublethal concentration of 0.02 ppm to >60% inhibition at a sublethal concentration of 0.04 ppm. Eel were exposed to both fenitrothion concentrations for 96 h and then allowed a period of recovery in pesticide-f…

Response of Chinese Hamster V79 Multicellular Spheroids Exposed to High-Energy Carbon Ions

2004

Chinese hamster V79-379A spheroids 200 +/- 30 microm (+/- SD) in diameter were irradiated in agitated medium in different oxygen atmospheres with (1) 227 MeV/nucleon (12)C(+6) ions (plateau region) to model tissue in the entrance channel during therapy, (2) carbon ions in the extended Bragg peak modeling tissue in the target volume, or (3) X rays as a reference modality. Cell survival curves were similar for modes (1) and (3), indicating the absence of a contact effect and the presence of a pronounced oxygen effect with oxygen enhancement ratios (OERs) of 2.8 and 2.9, respectively. In contrast, the oxygen effect was substantially smaller in mode (2) with an OER of 1.4. Under normal or restr…

Definition of response to antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis C

2000

New Nonlocal Biological Effect: A Preliminary Research

2012

We report here our experimental findings of new nonlocal biological effect measured objectively and quantitatively under blind conditions. The method used includes the steps of providing two parts of quantum-entangled medium, applying one part to a biological system such as a human, contacting the other part with a desired substance such as a medication, and detecting change of a biological parameter with a detecting device. Using this method, we have found that after consumption by a test subject of one part of the quantum entangled water, the subject’s heart rate was non-locally increased under blind conditions by adding to the second part of the quantum-entangled water an over-the-counte…

Current and new insights on phytosterol oxides in plant sterol-enriched food.

2011

Over the past 15 years, plant sterol-enriched foods have faced a great increase in the market, due to the asserted cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols. However, owing to their chemical structures, plant sterols can oxidize and produce a wide variety of oxidation products with controversial biological effects. Although oxyphytosterols can derive from dietary sources and endogenous formation, their single contribution should be better defined. The following review provides an overall and critical picture on the current knowledge and future perspectives of plant sterols-enriched food, particularly focused on occurrence of plant sterol oxidation products and their biological effects. T…

Refraktion, Vorderkammertiefe, Dezentrierung und Tilt nach Implantation monofokaler und multifokaler Silikonlinsen

2001

Hintergrund. Ziel der prospektiven Studie war die Analyse von Refraktion, Vorderkammertiefe, Dezentrierung und Verkippung (Tilt) nach Implantation monofokaler (MONO) und multifokaler (MIOL) Intraokularlinsen (IOL). Patienten und Methode. Bei 103 Augen von 103 Patienten wurde entweder eine dreistuckige monofokale oder multifokale Silikon-IOL implantiert. Vorderkammertiefe (ACD), IOL-Dezentrierung und -Tilt wurden mittels Retroilluminationsfotografie und Scheimpflug-Aufnahmen objektiv quantifiziert. Die Untersuchungen einschlieslich Ermittlung der sujektiven Refraktion wurden praoperativ sowie postoperativ nach 1 Woche und nach 6 Monaten vorgenommen. Ergebnisse. Im Bereich von ±1 dpt um die Z…